{"id":2117,"date":"2024-03-05T23:11:22","date_gmt":"2024-03-05T18:11:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/?p=2117"},"modified":"2025-03-19T15:27:03","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T10:27:03","slug":"wifi-tarmoqlarni-izlash-18","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/?p=2117","title":{"rendered":"WiFi-tarmoqlar bilan ishlash utilitalari [18+]"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Material to’ldirish jarayonida)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Qurilmani WiFi orqali boshqarishga o’tishdan oldin, hududda WiFi tarmoqlari mavjudligi, ularning himoyalangan (yopiq tarmoq) yoki himoyalanmaganligini (ochiq tarmoqligini) aniqlash, WiFi marshrutizator (router) signallarining darajasini aniqlash talab etiladi. Quyida shunday maqsadlar uchun mo’ljallangan Arduino IDE sketchlari bilan tanishamiz. Umuman, ushbu dars materialida muntazam ravishda Arduinochi-dasturchilar uchun WiFi-tarmoqlar bilan ishlashga mo’ljallangan turli utilitalar haqidagi ma’lumotlar joylashtirib boriladi.<\/p>\n

Dastlab dastur menyusining “\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b\/ESP8266WiFi<\/strong>” bo’limidagi “WiFiScan<\/strong>” tayyor namunaviy sketch bilan tanishamiz.<\/p>\n

ESP8266 va ESP32 mikrokontrollerlar oilasiga tegishli platalarda ichki WiFi modullar o’rnatilgan, ya’ni, ular asosidagi qurilmalarni WiFi orqali boshqarish uchun alohida WiFi-modullardan foydalanish talab etilmaydi. Biz WiFi tarmoqlarini izlashga mo’ljallangan sketch bilan ishlashda Wemos D1 mini platasidan foydalanamiz. Sketchga hech qanday o’zgarish kiritish talab etilmaydi (faqat inglizha so’zlar tarjima qilingan).<\/p>\n

Sketch:<\/em>
\n

<\/span>WiFi tarmoqlarini izlash<\/div>
\n#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
\nvoid setup() {
\nSerial.begin(115200);
\nSerial.println(F(“\\nESP8266 yordamida WiFi tarmoqlarini izlashga misol”));
\nWiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
\nWiFi.disconnect(); \/\/ Oldingi ulangan tarmoqdan chiqamiz
\ndelay(100);
\n}<\/p>\n

void loop() {
\nString ssid;
\nint32_t rssi;
\nuint8_t encryptionType;
\nuint8_t *bssid;
\nint32_t channel;
\nbool hidden;
\nint scanResult;
\nSerial.println(F(“WiFi tarmoqlarni izlash…”));
\nscanResult = WiFi.scanNetworks(\/*async=*\/false, \/*hidden=*\/true); \/\/ Yashirin tarmoqlarni qo’shgan holda izlaymiz, ulsr sonini o’zgaruvchiga o’zlashtiramiz
\nif (scanResult == 0) {
\nSerial.println(F(“Tarmoq topilmadi”));
\n} else if (scanResult > 0) {
\nSerial.printf(PSTR(“%d ta tarmoq topildi:\\n”), scanResult);
\nfor (int8_t i = 0; i < scanResult; i++) { \/\/ Topilgan tarmoqlar nomlari va xususiyatlari bo’yicha ro’yxatini tuzamiz
\nWiFi.getNetworkInfo(i, ssid, encryptionType, rssi, bssid, channel, hidden);
\nconst bss_info *bssInfo = WiFi.getScanInfoByIndex(i);
\nString phyMode;
\nconst char *wps = “”;
\nif (bssInfo) {
\nphyMode.reserve(12);
\nphyMode = F(“802.11”);
\nString slash;
\nif (bssInfo->phy_11b) {
\nphyMode += ‘b’;
\nslash = ‘\/’;
\n}
\nif (bssInfo->phy_11g) {
\nphyMode += slash + ‘g’;
\nslash = ‘\/’;
\n}
\nif (bssInfo->phy_11n) {
\nphyMode += slash + ‘n’;
\n}
\nif (bssInfo->wps) {
\nwps = PSTR(“WPS”);
\n}
\n}
\nSerial.printf(PSTR(” %02d: [CH %02d] [%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X] %ddBm %c %c %-11s %3S %s\\n”), i, channel, bssid[0], bssid[1], bssid[2], bssid[3], bssid[4], bssid[5], rssi, (encryptionType == ENC_TYPE_NONE) ? ‘ ‘ : ‘*’, hidden ? ‘H’ : ‘V’, phyMode.c_str(), wps, ssid.c_str());
\nyield();
\n}
\n} else {
\nSerial.printf(PSTR(“WiFi tarmoqlarni izlashda xatolik %d”), scanResult);
\n}
\ndelay(5000); \/\/ Takroriy izlashdan oldin pauza o’rnatamiz
\n}<\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

Navbatdagi misol yordamida esa, WiFi tarmoq Internetga ulangan yoki ulanmaganligini aniq bir saytga “ping” buyrug’ini yuborish orqali aniqlashimiz mumkin. “HostPing<\/strong>” sketchi Arduino IDE menyusining “\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b\/ESP8266Ping<\/strong>” bo’limidan yuklanadi (sketch izohlar bilan keltiriladi):<\/p>\n

<\/span>Saytga ping yuborish<\/div>
\n#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> \/\/ Kerakli bibliotekalarni ulaymiz
\n#include <ESP8266Ping.h>
\nconst char* ssid = “ssid”; \/\/ mavjud tarmoq nomini (SSID sini) kiritamiz
\nconst char* password = “12345678”; \/\/ o’z WiFi tarmog’imiz parolini kiritamiz
\nconst char* remote_host = “www.google.com”; \/\/ tekshiriladigan sayt manzilini ko’rsatamiz<\/p>\n

void setup(){
\nSerial.begin(115200);
\ndelay(10);
\nSerial.println();
\nSerial.println(“WiFi tarmoqqa ulanish “);
\nWiFi.begin(ssid, password);
\nwhile (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED){
\ndelay(100);
\nSerial.print(“.”);
\n}
\nSerial.println();
\nSerial.print(“Tarmoqqa ulanish muvaffaqiyatli. Lokal IP-manzil: “);
\nSerial.println(WiFi.localIP());
\nSerial.print(“Serverga ping yuboramiz…”);
\nSerial.println(remote_host);
\nif(Ping.ping(remote_host)){ \/\/ Ping yuboramiz
\nSerial.println(“Muvaffaqiyatli!”);
\n} else {
\nSerial.println(“Ulanishda xatolik \ud83d\ude41 Tarmoq internetga ulanmagan!”);
\n}
\n}<\/p>\n

void loop(){
\n}<\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

Xuddi shuningdek, “ping” buyrug’ini aniq IP-manzil bo’yicha yuborish kerak bo’lsa, quyidagi “SimplePing<\/strong>” sketchidan foydalanish mumkin (“\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b\/ESP8266Ping<\/strong>” bo’limidan yuklanadi):<\/p>\n

<\/span>IP-manzilga ping yuborish<\/div>
\n#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> \/\/ Kerakli bibliotekalarni ulaymiz
\n#include <ESP8266Ping.h>
\nconst char* ssid = “ssid”; \/\/ mavjud tarmoq nomini (SSID sini) kiritamiz
\nconst char* password = “12345678”; \/\/ o’z WiFi tarmog’imiz parolini kiritamiz
\nconst IPAddress remote_ip(192, 168, 0, 1);\u00a0 \/\/ tekshiriladigan IP-manzilni ko’rsatamiz<\/p>\n

void setup(){
\nSerial.begin(115200);
\ndelay(10);
\nSerial.println();
\nSerial.println(“WiFi tarmoqqa ulanish”);
\nWiFi.begin(ssid, password);
\nwhile (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED){
\ndelay(100);
\nSerial.print(“.”);
\n}
\nSerial.println();
\nSerial.print(“WiFi tarmoqqa ulanish muvaffaqiyatli. Lokal IP manzil: “);
\nSerial.println(WiFi.localIP());
\nSerial.print(“Ping yuboriladigan IP-manzil: “);
\nSerial.println(remote_ip);
\nif(Ping.ping(remote_ip)) {
\nSerial.println(“Muvaffaqiyatli!”);
\n} else {
\nSerial.println(“IP-manzilga ulanishda xatolik :(“);
\n}
\n}<\/p>\n

void loop()
\n{
\n}<\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

ESPProLib<\/strong> sketchi. Ushbu utilita yordamida ESP8266 mikrokontrollerlari yordamida hududdagi WiFi qurilmalar haqida quyidagi texnik detallarni (ma’lumotlarni) olish mumkin:
\n1) “Kadr turi”, 2) “Kadr ichki turi”, 3) “Signal manbai MAC-manzili”, 4) “Mo’ljal” (signalni qabul qiluvchi) MAC-manzili, 5) “RSSI” (qabul qilingan signal quvvati), 6) “Keyingi raqam”, 7) “Kanal raqami”, 8) “SSID” (Tarmoq nomi).<\/p>\n

Ushbu ma’lumotlar yordamida ko’plab qiziqarli loyihalarni yaratish mumkin. Sketch ishlashi uchun ESPProLib<\/a> bibliotekasi kerak bo’ladi.<\/p>\n

Sketch:<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/code><\/pre>\n