{"id":4754,"date":"2024-12-02T12:27:49","date_gmt":"2024-12-02T07:27:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/?p=4754"},"modified":"2025-03-19T15:27:03","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T10:27:03","slug":"wifi-tarmogiga-boglanish-18","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/?p=4754","title":{"rendered":"WiFi tarmog&#8217;iga bog&#8217;lanish [18+]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ichki WiFi modullar<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ilgari <a href=\"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/?p=38\">ma&#8217;lum qilinganidek<\/a>, ESP8266 va ESP32 mikrokontrollerlar oilasiga tegishli platalarda ichki WiFi modullar o&#8217;rnatilgan, ya&#8217;ni, ular asosidagi qurilmalarni WiFi orqali boshqarish uchun alohida WiFi-modullardan foydalanish talab etilmaydi. Arduino (AVR) mikrokontrollerlarining ko&#8217;p tarqalgan UNO, Nano, Mega, Due va boshqa platalarida bunday imkoniyat mavjud emas, shuning uchun ular asosidagi qurilmalarni boshqarish uchun qo&#8217;shimcha WiFi-modul yoki ESP mikrokontrolleri bilan birgalikda foydalanishga to&#8217;g&#8217;ri keladi. Masalan, UNO + ESP-01, Nano+ESP-01, UNO+ESP12, Nano+ESP12 juftliklari asosida.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yuqoridagilardan kelib chiqib, qurilmalarni WiFi orqali boshqarishni soddalashtirish uchun biz ESP8266 mikrokontrollerlari asosidagi plata va modullardan foydalanganimiz maqsadga muvofiq bo&#8217;ladi. Shuning uchun biz kelgusida ushbu oilaga mansub bo&#8217;lgan <strong>Wemos D1 mini<\/strong> platasidan foydalanamiz. Wemos D1 mini platasi orqali qurilmani boshqarish uchun Arduino IDE da ESP8266 mikrokontrollerlar oilasi dasturiy ta&#8217;minoti (drayverlari) o&#8217;rnatilgan bo&#8217;lishi zarur (bu haqda quyidagi darsda ma&#8217;lumotlar berilgan: <a href=\"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/?p=68\">havola<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ESP8266\/ESP32 mikrokontroller asosidagi qurilmani WiFi orqali boshqarish unga bog&#8217;lanish usuliga ko&#8217;ra, 3 xil rejimda amalga oshirilishi mumkin (qulaylik uchun biz kelgusida ularni mos ravishda <strong>STA<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>AP<\/strong>, <strong>AP+STA<\/strong> rejimlari deb yuritamiz):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;<strong>Ishchi stansiya<\/strong>&#8221; rejimi (&#8220;Station mode&#8221;, &#8220;<strong>STA<\/strong> mode&#8221;, &#8220;\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438&#8221;);<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;<strong>Dasturiy kirish nuqtasi<\/strong>&#8221; rejimi (&#8220;Soft Access Point mode&#8221;, &#8220;Soft <strong>AP<\/strong> mode&#8221;, &#8220;\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430&#8221;);<\/li>\n<li><strong>Birlashgan rejim<\/strong> (&#8220;<strong>AP+STA<\/strong> mode&#8221;, &#8220;\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 + \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438&#8221;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ushbu rejimlarning har biri bilan tanishib chiqamiz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. <strong>STA<\/strong> rejimida mikrokontroller hududdagi WiFi tarmoq kirish nuqtasiga (marshrutizatorga) tegishli <strong>SSID<\/strong> (tarmoq nomi) va <strong>parol<\/strong> yordamida mijoz sifatida bog&#8217;lanadi hamda kirish nuqtasi (marshrutizator) tomonidan unga avtomatik ravishda dinamik <strong>IP-manzil<\/strong> ajratiladi. Keyinchalik ushbu mikrokontrollerga boshqa qurilmalardan bog&#8217;lanish aynan shu IP-manzil orqali amalga oshiriladi (quyida keltirilgan barcha misollarda faqat Wemos D1 mini platasi va USB kabeldan foydalanilishi yetarli).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1-misolda Wemos D1 Mini platasidan STA rejimida hududdagi &#8220;<strong>my_router<\/strong>&#8221; nomli va &#8220;<strong>12345678<\/strong>&#8221; parolli WiFi tarmoqqa bog&#8217;lanish uchun sketch izohlar bilan keltiriladi (amalda ularning o&#8217;rniga mavjud tarmoq nomi va paroli kiritilishi kerak), stansiya IP-manzili port monitorida ko&#8217;rsatiladi.<\/p>\n<p><em>Sketch:<\/em><\/p>\n<pre><code><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Natija:<br \/>\n<div class=\"su-youtube su-u-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/j1hx_G8re-E?\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture\" title=\"Blink\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ko&#8217;rinib turibdiki, sketch yuklanganidan so&#8217;ng, mikrokontroller hududdagi WiFi tarmoqqa ishchi stansiya rejimoda bo&#8217;lgangan. Marshrutizator tomonidan unga avtomatik ravishda dinamik IP-manzil ajratilgan.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. <strong>AP<\/strong> rejimida mikrokontrollerning o&#8217;zida kirish nuqtasi va uning asosida yangi WiFi tarmoq hosil qilinadi. Shu bilan birga yangi tarmoqning quyidagi parametrlari o&#8217;rnatiladi: 1) <strong>SSID<\/strong> (tarmoq nomi), 2) <strong>parol<\/strong>, 3) <strong>Lokal IP-manzil<\/strong>, 4) <strong>IP-shlyuz<\/strong> (gateway), 5) <strong>ichki tarmoq niqobi<\/strong> (subnet mask). Shundan keyin ushbu rejimda ham mikrokontroller o&#8217;zida veb-server yaratib oladi. Keyinchalik ushbu mikrokontrollerga boshqa qurilmalardan bog&#8217;lanish ko&#8217;rsatilgan IP-manzil orqali amalga oshiriladi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Quyidagi misolda Wemos D1 Mini platasida (mikrokontrollerda) <strong>AP<\/strong> rejimida &#8220;Tarmoq&#8221; nomli va &#8220;<strong>87654321<\/strong>&#8221; parolli yangi WiFi tarmog&#8217;i hosil qiladigan sketch izohlar bilan keltiriladi (agar kerakli IP-manzil oldindan belgilab qo&#8217;yilmasa, sukunat bo&#8217;yicha 192.168.4.1 IP-manzili o&#8217;rnatiladi).<\/p>\n<p><em>Sketch:<\/em><\/p>\n<pre><code><\/code><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Natija:<br \/>\n<div class=\"su-youtube su-u-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lEuF3Uay3Zg?\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture\" title=\"Blink\"><\/iframe><\/div>\nSketch yuklanganidan so&#8217;ng, hududda &#8220;Tarmoq&#8221; nomli yangi WiFi tarmog&#8217;i va kirish nuqtasi hosil bo&#8217;lganganini ko&#8217;rish mumkin. Uning IP-manzili sifatida foydalanuvchi oldindan ko&#8217;rsatmaganligi sababli, sukunat bo&#8217;yicha 192.168.4.1 manzili o&#8217;rnatiladi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3) <strong>AP+STA<\/strong> rejimida mikrokontroller bir vaqtning o&#8217;zida AP va STA rejimlarida ishlay oladi. Barcha jarayonlar AP va STA rejimlari uchun yuqorida ko&#8217;rsatilgan tartiblarda bajariladi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Quyidagi misoldagi sketchda Wemos D1 Mini platasida (mikrokontrollerda) <strong>AP<\/strong> rejimida &#8220;Tarmoq&#8221; nomli va &#8220;<strong>87654321<\/strong>&#8221; parolli yangi WiFi tarmog&#8217;i hosil qilinadi (agar kerakli IP-manzil oldindan belgilab qo&#8217;yilmasa, sukunat bo&#8217;yicha 192.168.4.1 IP-manzili o&#8217;rnatiladi) va bir vaqtning o&#8217;zida platadan <strong>STA<\/strong> rejimida hududdagi &#8220;my_router&#8221; nomli va &#8220;12345678&#8221; parolli mavjud WiFi tarmog&#8217;iga bog&#8217;laniladi (amalda ularning o&#8217;rniga mavjud tarmoq nomi va paroli kiritilishi kerak), stansiya IP-manzili port monitorida ko&#8217;rsatiladi. Sketch izohlar bilan keltiriladi:<\/p>\n<pre><code><\/code><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Natija:<br \/>\n<div class=\"su-youtube su-u-responsive-media-yes\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/f75wnNbwXIA?\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture\" title=\"Blink\"><\/iframe><\/div>\nSketch yuklanganidan so&#8217;ng, hududda &#8220;Tarmoq&#8221; nomli yangi WiFi tarmog&#8217;i va kirish nuqtasi hosil bo&#8217;lgan, uning IP-manzili sifatida foydalanuvchi oldindan ko&#8217;rsatmaganligi sababli, sukunat bo&#8217;yicha 192.168.4.1 manzili o&#8217;rnatilgan. Shundan keyin, mikrokontroller hududdagi mavjud WiFi tarmog&#8217;iga ham STA rejimoda bo&#8217;lgangan va marshrutizator tomonidan unga avtomatik ravishda dinamik IP-manzil ajratilgan.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yuqoridagi ma&#8217;lumotlarda shunchaki qurilmadan WiFi tarmoqqa bog&#8217;lanish va unda yangi WiFi tarmoq hosil qilish mumkinligini tushunish mumkin. Qurilmani boshqarish uchun esa, bularning o&#8217;zi hali yetarli emas!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ichki WiFi modullar Ilgari ma&#8217;lum qilinganidek, ESP8266 va ESP32 mikrokontrollerlar oilasiga tegishli platalarda ichki WiFi modullar o&#8217;rnatilgan, ya&#8217;ni, ular asosidagi qurilmalarni WiFi orqali boshqarish uchun alohida WiFi-modullardan foydalanish talab etilmaydi. Arduino (AVR) mikrokontrollerlarining ko&#8217;p tarqalgan UNO, Nano, Mega, Due va boshqa platalarida bunday imkoniyat mavjud emas, shuning uchun ular asosidagi qurilmalarni boshqarish uchun qo&#8217;shimcha WiFi-modul [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4754","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-namunaviy-sketchlar"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4754","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4754"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4754\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4759,"href":"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4754\/revisions\/4759"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4754"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4754"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarat.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}